![]() ![]() Other bulk and dopant materials were also discovered to have the same aspect of shifts in spectrum and refractive index. Experiments testing the quantum-confined Stark effect, arising from rare earth element doping effects in semiconductors, and applied electric field effects on spectral and refractive index are discussed. To show the benefits of smart optics, this paper reviews spectral characteristics of smart optical materials and device technology. ![]() Bound excitonic states of organic crystals are also capable of optical adaptability, tunability, and reconfigurability. The proposed smart optics are based on the Stark and Zeeman effects in materials tailored with quantum dot arrays and thin films made from readily polarizable materials via ferroelectricity or ferromagnetism. The purpose of this study is to understand and show the fundamental materials and fabrication technology for field-controlled spectrally active optics (referred to as smart optics) that are essential for future industrial, scientific, military, and space applications, such as membrane optics, light detection and ranging (LIDAR) filters, windows for sensors and probes, telescopes, spectroscopes, cameras, light valves, light switches, and flat-panel displays. Development of multifunctional capable optics has pushed the boundaries of optics into new fields that require new disciplines and materials to maximize the potential benefits. Perspective and Potential of Smart Optical Materials The increasing requirements of hyperspectral imaging optics, electro/photo-chromic materials, negative refractive index metamaterial optics, and miniaturized optical components from microscale to quantum-scale optics have all contributed to new features and advancements in optics technology.
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